A Study on Epidemiological Risk Factors Associated with Nephrolithiasis with Special Emphasis on Diet

Sana Juveria et al.,  

Nephrolithiasis | Tiopronin

Vol: 7; Iss:7; Jul 21 | ISSN: 2454-5422

Background: 

Nephrolithiasis is a solid aggregation of crystals formed in the kidneys by dietary minerals in the urine. The sequence of events triggering stone formation are nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention. Nephrolithiasis is caused by a wide variety of risk factors. Though risk factors have no direct cause of the disease, they are associated with it in some way or the other. Medical presentation, clinical history and laboratory tests help assess the immediate need for surgical/medical care.

Objective: 

To study the epidemiological risk factors as well as the dietary risk factors associated with Nephrolithiasis and to establish the prevention strategies for Nephrolithiasis.

Methodology: 

A prospective, observational study involving analysis of Inpatients and Outpatients of Urology department of Medicover Hospital, Hyderabad, India diagnosed with Nephrolithiasis and other Comorbid conditions using patient data collection form for a study period of 6 months.

Results:

A total of 160 cases of Nephrolithiasis were observed. Majority of the cases were males (74%) compared to females (26%). Most of them were between the age group of 41-50 years (29%). Hypertension (24%) and Diabetes Mellitus (24%) were the most common comorbidities. Stone size between 11-15 mm (42%) and present in the right kidney (48%) were prevalent. Back pain (88%) was the most common symptom. Our analysis shows that (11%) are vegetarian, tomato (86%), spinach (77%) are the frequently consumed vegetables and (89%) are non-vegetarian, chicken (72%) and mutton (49%) are the most frequently consumed foods.