Corrections, Retractions & Expressions of Concern Policy

Dr. BGR Publications is committed to preserving the integrity, accuracy, and reliability of the scholarly record. When significant errors, ethical concerns, or research integrity issues are identified after publication, the Publisher will take appropriate editorial action in accordance with internationally recognized publishing ethics and best practices.

When minor errors that do not affect the overall scientific validity, interpretation, or conclusions of a published article are identified, the Publisher may issue a formal correction.

Examples include:

• Typographical or formatting errors.
• Author affiliation corrections.
• Minor metadata errors.
• Incorrect acknowledgements.
• Minor figure or table labeling errors.

A published article may be retracted when there is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable due to misconduct or honest error.

Reasons for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

• Plagiarism.
• Duplicate or redundant publication.
• Data fabrication or falsification.
• Image manipulation affecting scientific integrity.
• Serious ethical violations.
• Undisclosed conflicts of interest that compromise the publication.
• Unethical research practices.
• Major errors rendering the conclusions unreliable.

An Expression of Concern may be issued when serious questions arise regarding the integrity or reliability of a published article but sufficient evidence is not yet available to support a correction or retraction.

Situations may include:

• Ongoing institutional investigations.
• Allegations of research misconduct.
• Unresolved authorship disputes.
• Concerns regarding ethical approval or research compliance.
• Questions about data reliability awaiting clarification.

Prior to publication, accepted manuscripts may be withdrawn at the request of the authors or the Publisher when justified by valid editorial or ethical reasons.

After publication, articles will not normally be removed except where legally required or where continued availability would violate applicable laws or court orders.

When concerns are raised regarding a published article, the Editorial Office will:

• Conduct an initial assessment.
• Communicate with the corresponding author(s).
• Request supporting information where necessary.
• Consult Editors, reviewers, or independent experts when appropriate.
• Reach a fair and evidence-based editorial decision.

Dr. BGR Publications is committed to maintaining a transparent scholarly record.

Correction notices, retractions, and Expressions of Concern will:

• Be freely accessible.
• Receive their own publication record where applicable.
• Be permanently linked to the original article.
• Clearly describe the editorial action taken.

Pre-publication quality is ensured through our Author Proof Approval process. Post-publication amendments are managed under this Corrections, Retractions & Expressions of Concern Policy.